Trees play an essential role in our gardens: they structure the space, improve the biodiversity and contribute to the landscape. However, in some cases,the felling of a tree becomes necessary: diseased tree, danger to a dwelling, development project or neighbour conflict.
In the regions where we most often work –Walloon Brabant, Flemish Brabant and the south of Brussels(La Hulpe, Lasne, Wavre, Waterloo, Genappe, Tervuren, Auderghem, Watermael-Boitsfort, Uccle…) – tree felling is strictly regulated by legislation.
These rules concern:
the felling periods
the planning permits
the protection of biodiversity
the sanctions in case of illegal felling
As landscape architects, we regularly support projects where these issues arise. Here are the essential elements to know.
1. Why are there periods for felling trees?
The main reason concernsthe protection of biodiversity.
Between spring and summer, many species of birds nest in trees and hedges. European and regional regulations aimed at protecting wildlife therefore limit heavy work on trees during this period.
In general, the recommended period for felling a tree is:
between 1st October and 31st March
This period corresponds to:
the end of the nesting season
the dormant period for trees
conditions that are often more favourable for work.
In the projects we carry out, we always try to schedule significant interventions during this period.
2. The rules in Walloon Brabant
In the municipalities of Walloon Brabant such as:
La Hulpe
Lasne
Wavre
Waterloo
Genappe
the felling of a tree may require a planning permit, particularly when:
the tree is large
it is located in a protected area
it is part of a line of trees or a remarkable landscape.
Municipalities can also protect certain remarkable trees.
Before any significant intervention, it is advisable to contact:
the municipality's planning department.
In many projects, we assist owners in compiling a file that includes:
photos of the tree
health assessment
justification for felling.
3. The rules in the Flemish Brabant
In the Flemish municipalities close to the Walloon Brabant, such asTervuren, the rules are similar but fall under the Flemish planning system.
In some cases, felling a tree requires a omgevingsvergunning (environmental permit).
The criteria taken into account may include:
the trunk circumference
the estimated age of the tree
the landscape value.
Flemish municipalities are generally very attentive to the protection of tree heritage.
4. The rules in Brussels (Uccle, Auderghem, Watermael-Boitsfort)
In theBrussels-Capital Region, the rules are often stricter.
In municipalities such as:
Uccle
Auderghem
Watermael-Boitsfort
felling a tree generally requires a planning permitif the tree exceeds certain dimensions.
Tree protection is particularly strong in areas close to:
the Sonian Forest
protected green spaces.
Municipal services may require:
an arboricultural assessment
compensation through replanting.
5. Exceptions: dangerous or diseased trees
Even during sensitive periods for biodiversity, a tree can be felled if it poses an immediate danger.
For example:
unstable tree
cracked trunk
severely damaged roots
risk to a dwelling or a road.
In these situations, it is important to document the situation :
photos
report from an arborist
danger assessment.
This documentation can be useful in case of inspection or complaint.
6. Sanctions for illegal felling
Felling a tree without permission can result in:
administrative fines the obligation to
replant a tree replanter un arbre
in some cases, more significant penalties.
The amounts can vary depending on:
the municipality
the region
the ecological value of the tree.
In some cases we have followed, the authorities have required several compensatory replantings.
7. The role of the landscape architect
In a garden project, the tree is often the most structuring element.
Before deciding on felling, we generally analyse:
the health status of the tree
its landscape value
its ecological role
its impact on the project.
In many cases, it is possible to:
preserve the tree
adapt the project
carry out pruning rather than felling.
A mature tree can represent several decades of growth. Preserving it often brings significant aesthetic and ecological value.
Conclusion
Felling a tree in the Walloon Brabant, Flemish Brabant or the south of Brussels is an operation that must be considered and often requires permission.
Key points to remember:
prefer the period October to March
check the communal and regional regulations
apply for a permit if necessary
document any emergency situation.
Beyond legal obligations, these rules mainly aim to protect an essential living heritage: the trees that shape our landscapes and gardens.